Personal Care and Services

Dating back to the Middle Ages, wealthy landowners and royalty had household staff that attended to their every need, from sewing their clothes and cleaning their homes to caring for and educating their children. Since the 1800s, domestic workers’ jobs include maids, butlers, housekeepers, grooms and stable boys, babysitters and nannies, and gardeners. Wealthy families may employ a full staff of domestic workers, with full-time salary with benefits as well as room and board for staff to live on site. Some domestic workers, such as babysitters and nannies, travel with families when they take vacations, providing child care services throughout the trip. And it isn’t just the wealthy who retain household services help. People of all income levels employ personal care workers to help with a single job or ongoing work; for instance, babysitters, dog walkers, tree trimmers, exterminators, window washers, and others, are hired when needed, and landscapers and gardeners may be contracted on a weekly or monthly basis.

The Department of Labor reports that there were the following number of personal care and services professionals employed in the United States in May 2023: 422,500 animal care and services workers (includes pet-sitters who care for dogs, cats, and other animals); 836,230 maids and housekeepers; 50,270 tree trimmers and pruners; more than 2.17 million janitors and cleaners (including window washers); 98,200 pest control workers; 970,800 childcare workers (including those who work in private households); and more than 3.96 million personal care aides.

According to the market research group IBISWorld, the Maids, Nannies and Gardeners industry is a nearly $28 billion industry in the United States. From 2015 to March 2020, this industry experienced 2.3 percent annual growth, then declined at an annual rate of 2.4 percent through 2024. The pandemic caused an economic slowdown which, in turn, reduced consumers' disposable income. Industry revenue is expected to increase in the next few years as the economy strengthens. IBISWorld also reports that nannies and babysitters bring in the largest revenue for the Maids, Nannies, and Gardeners industry.

In 2024, approximately 82 million U.S. households owned a pet, according to the American Pet Products Association's National Pet Owners Survey. Total expenditures in the U.S. pet industry were about $150.6 billion in 2024, an increase over the $147 billion in 2023 expenditures. Increased pet ownership contributed to growth in this industry, and this growth is expected to continue in the years to come. Pets are considered important members of the family, and have become even more important in recent years, with "owners" now referred to as "pet parents." As people have more disposable income, they will spend more money on their pets to make sure they are well fed, exercised, healthy, and happy. Dog walkers are hired to walk dogs individually or in groups with other dogs while people are at work or away on a trip; the walk may be 30 minutes or less, and dogs are walked several times each day. Dog walkers may also add on other services, such as play time and faster runs and/or grooming.

Pest control was valued at $24.2 billion in revenue in the United States in 2024. This is a fast-growing industry that experienced between 4 and 5 percent annual growth between 2011 and early 2020, and 3.3 percent annual growth through 2024. More households are hiring pest control services to inspect homes for pests such as bed bugs. The stinkbug is also on the rise in certain areas of the United States, and this is increasing the demand for pest control services. As the economy continues to improve and the household market has rebounded, demand for termite extermination services has also been growing and is expected to continue growing in the next few years.