Detectives

High School

Because detectives work on a wide variety of cases, if you are interested in this field, you are encouraged to take a diverse course load. English, American history, business law, government, psychology, sociology, criminal justice, forensic science, and chemistry are suggested, as are courses in journalism, computers (especially computer security), and a foreign language. To become a police detective, you must first have experience as a police officer. Hiring requirements for police officers vary, but most departments require at least a high school diploma.

Postsecondary Training

In some police departments a college degree may be necessary for some or all positions. Many colleges and universities offer courses or programs in police science, criminal justice, or law enforcement. Newly hired police officers generally receive extensive training at a police academy.

After gaining substantial experience in the department—usually about three to five years—and demonstrating the skills required for detective work, a police officer may be promoted to detective. In some police departments, candidates must first take a qualifying exam. For new detectives there is usually a training program, which may last from a few weeks to several months.

Private detective agencies usually do not hire individuals without previous experience. A large number of private investigators are former police officers. Those with no law enforcement experience who want to become private investigators can enroll in special private investigation schools, although these do not guarantee qualification for employment. A college degree is an admissions requirement at some private investigation schools. These schools teach skills essential to detective work, such as how to take and develop fingerprints, pick locks, test for the presence of human blood, investigate robberies, identify weapons, and take photographs and videos. The length of these programs and their admissions requirements vary considerably. Some are correspondence programs, while others offer classroom instruction and an internship at a detective agency. Experience can also be gained by taking classes in law enforcement, police science, or criminal justice at a college or university.

Certification

Colleges and universities, online learning platforms, and professional associations offer certificate programs in criminal justice, cybersecurity, law enforcement, and related fields. Certificate programs typically last six months to a year and are available in online, in-person, and hybrid formats. ASIS International, a membership organization for security management professionals, offers nearly 10 certificate programs, including an essentials of security risk assessment certificate.

Other Education or Training

Continuing education seminars, webinars, and other learning opportunities are provided by ASIS International, the National Association of Legal Investigators, and organizations at the state and local levels. Contact these organizations for more information.