Plasma Physicists

Plasma physicists study plasmas that occur both naturally in stars and interplanetary space and artificially in products such as fluorescent lights and neon signs. They can either be experimental or computational physicists (and sometimes conduct research in both fields). An experimental plasma physicist (EPP) conducts experiments and other hands-on investigations to gather information and to reach conclusions that either contradict or support existing theories or new theories that they have proposed. For example, an EPP might use a large plasma wind-tunnel to test the effects of atmospheric entry plasmas on a spacecraft as it reenters the earth’s atmosphere from space in order to design thermal protections that will ensure its structural integrity. A theoretical plasma physicist (TPP) constructs theories and uses advanced computer modeling software to explain experimental results and predict the results of future experiments or real-life situations that involve plasma. Using the spacecraft example, the TPP works with design engineers and software developers to create complex computational models to simulate the conditions of hypersonic plasma flows on the spacecraft during reentry.

Applied plasma physicists (APPs) have backgrounds in experimental or theoretical physics (or both), but they conduct research and use their knowledge to develop useful devices and procedures. They may also have backgrounds in engineering, materials science, or other science fields. The work of APPs has led to the development of airplanes, satellites, televisions, washing machines, semiconductors, elevators, neon signs, and fluorescent lights. Today, many APPs and other scientists are conducting research to learn how to produce fusion power to replace fission and coal power generators. When finally developed as an energy source, fusion power will provide clean, unlimited, and sustainable energy and will help society fight climate change and reduce the need for environmentally-harmful fossil fuels.