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Professional Hackers

Unions and Associations

Professional hackers who work for government agencies may belong to the American Federation of Government Employees and other unions. Many professional organizations provide useful resources to information security professionals. For example, the Information Systems Security Association (ISSA) hosts an international conference, provides continuing education (CE) opportunities, publishes the ISSA Journal, and offers chapters around the world. Other noteworthy organizations include the Association for Computing Machinery, CERT Coordination Center, CompTIA, High Technology Crime Investigation Association, IEEE Computer Society, (ISC)², National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies, and SANS Institute.