Hacking first began in the telecommunications industry. Cracking a telephone system was called phreaking and involved learning how the telephone system worked and then manipulating it. As PCs began to hook up to networks via telephone lines and modems, phreaking took on new meaning and the information at risk took on greater importance.
November 2, 1988, is sometimes called Black Thursday by pioneers of the Internet community. On that day, a single program called a worm, was released onto the early form of the Internet (then called the ARPANET) and quickly rendered thousands of connected computers useless. The creator of the program, Robert Morris Jr., shocked at how quickly it was spreading, sent an anonymous message to Internet users telling them how to kill the worm and preventing it from infecting more computers. Morris was convicted of a federal felony and sentenced to three years probation, 400 hours of community service, and $10,050 in fines.
With the release of the Morris Worm, a group of computer experts from the National Computer Security Center, part of the National Security Agency, gathered to discuss the susceptibility to attack of Internet-connected computers. Out of these meetings, the Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) Coordination Center (which is now known as the CERT Division), a federally funded organization that monitors and reports activity on the Internet, was started at Carnegie Mellon University. This is considered the beginning of Internet security.
Since the explosion of Internet use and Internet shopping, including use by mobile or cellular devices, the need for Internet security measures has increased dramatically. Just as security specialists develop programs to prevent viruses or hackers from endangering clients' data, these hackers find a weakness in the program allowing them access. The need is constant, and will continue for the foreseeable future.
- 3-D Printing Specialists
- Accountants
- Aeronautical and Aerospace Technicians
- Aerospace Engineers
- Agile Coaches or Trainers
- Airport Security Personnel
- Animators
- App Services Workers
- Architects
- Armored Truck Drivers
- Art Directors
- Artificial Intelligence Specialists
- Audit and Assurance Accountants
- Auditors
- Augmented Reality Developers
- Automation Engineers
- Autonomous Vehicle Safety and Test Drivers
- Avionics Engineers
- Avionics Technicians
- Back-End Developers
- Big Data Developers
- Billing Clerks
- Biosecurity Monitors
- Blockchain Developers
- Bloggers
- Bodyguards
- Bookkeeping and Accounting Clerks
- Brand Ambassadors
- Business Continuity Planners
- Business Development Managers and Directors
- Business Intelligence Analysts
- Business Managers
- Cable Television Technicians
- Cartoonists
- Chemical Technicians
- Chemists
- Chief Customer Officers
- Chief Executive Officers
- Chief Financial Officers
- Chief Information Officers
- Chief Information Security Officers
- Chief Robotics Officer
- Cloud Engineers
- Columnists
- Compliance Managers
- Computer and Office Machine Service Technicians
- Computer and Video Game Designers
- Computer Network Administrators
- Computer Programmers
- Computer Support Service Owners
- Computer Support Specialists
- Computer Systems Programmer/Analysts
- Computer Trainers
- Content Management Specialists
- Credit Analysts
- Cryptocurrency Specialists
- Cryptographic Technicians
- Customer Service Representatives
- Customer Success Managers
- Cybersecurity Architects
- Data Entry Clerks
- Data Processing Technicians
- Database Specialists
- Deepfake Professionals
- Digital Advertising Workers
- Digital Agents
- Digital Designers
- Digital Marketing Workers
- Digital Workplace Experience Engineers
- Directors of Security
- Driverless Car Engineers
- Editorial Assistants
- Editorial Research Assistants
- Editors
- Electrical Engineering Technologists
- Electrical Engineers
- Electronics Engineering Technicians
- Electronics Engineers
- Electronics Service Technicians
- Embedded Systems Engineers
- Engineering Technicians
- Engineers
- Enterprise Architects
- Environmental Engineers
- ETL Developers
- Fiber Optics Technicians
- Financial Analysts
- Financial Consultants
- Financial Institution Officers and Managers
- Financial Institution Tellers, Clerks, and Related Workers
- Fire Inspectors
- Fire Investigators
- Fluid Power Technicians
- Forensic Experts
- Fraud Examiners, Investigators, and Analysts
- Full Stack Developers/Engineers
- Futurists
- Geospatial Analytics Specialists
- Graphic Designers
- Graphics Programmers
- Gunsmiths
- Health Informaticists
- Help Desk Representatives
- Hypersonics Engineers
- Hypersonics Technicians
- Information Assurance Analysts
- Information Brokers
- Information Security Analysts
- Information Technology Infrastructure Engineers
- Information Technology Security Consultants
- Intelligence Officers
- Internet Consultants
- Internet Content Curators
- Internet Developers
- Internet Executives
- Internet Marketing and Advertising Consultants
- Internet of Things Developers
- Internet Quality Assurance Specialists
- Internet Store Managers and Entrepreneurs
- Internet Transaction Specialists
- JavaScript Developers
- Laboratory Testing Technicians
- Laser Technicians
- Line Installers and Cable Splicers
- Live Streamers
- Locksmiths
- Loss Prevention Managers
- Machine Learning Engineers
- Magazine Editors
- Manufacturing Supervisors
- Market Research Analysts
- Materials Engineers
- Mechanical Engineers
- Media Planners and Buyers
- Media Relations Specialists
- Meteorologists
- Microelectronics Technicians
- Military Pilots
- Military Police
- Military Recruiters
- Military Workers, Enlisted
- Military Workers, Officers
- Mobile Software Developers
- Model View Controller Developers
- Network Operations Center Engineers
- Network Operations Center Technicians
- Newspaper Editors
- Non-Destructive Testing Specialists
- Office Administrators
- Online Gambling Specialists
- Online Journalists
- Online Producers
- Online Reputation Managers
- Optical Engineers
- Personal Privacy Advisors
- Physicists
- Pilots
- Podcasters
- Private Investigators
- Product Development Directors
- Product Management Directors
- Product Managers
- Product Owners
- Professional Hackers
- Quality Control Engineers
- Quality Control Technicians
- Radiation Protection Technicians
- Robotics Engineers
- Robotics Technicians
- Sales Representatives
- Salesforce Developers
- Scrum Masters
- Search Engine Optimization Specialists
- Secret Service Special Agents
- Security Consultants
- Security Guards
- Security Systems Installers and Workers
- Site Reliability Engineers
- Smart Building Systems Designers
- Social Media Influencers
- Social Media Workers
- Software Application Developers
- Software Designers
- Software Engineers
- Software Quality Assurance Testers
- Space Pilots
- Systems Setup Specialists
- Technical Support Specialists
- Technical Writers and Editors
- Technology Ethicists
- Telecommunications Network Engineers
- Telephone and PBX Installers and Repairers
- Telephone Operators
- Unity Developers
- User Experience Designers
- Video Game Art Directors
- Video Game Producers
- Visual Interaction Designers
- Webmasters
- Wireless Service Technicians
- Writers